Concept Development And Testing Marketing Essay

Concept Development And Testing Marketing Essay Concept Development and Testing A two-phase stage in the development of a new product in which potential buyers are presented first with the idea or description of the new product (concept testing) and later with the product itself in final or prototype form (product testing), in order to obtain their reaction. http://www.coolavenues.com/know/mktg/cc.php3 The most important part in this step is predicting the income and expenses of the product and to do market research, predicting who will buy the product. A product concept is an elaborated version of the idea expressed in meaningful customer terms. During this stage, the product ideas that form the new product implementation list must be defined more precisely JOURNAL OF PRODUCT BRAND MANAGEMENT, VOL. 5 NO. 6 1996 Here is a general view of how we incorporate research and creative concept into a concept development engagement. http://www.powerdecisions.com/consult-concept-development.cfm http://www.powerdecisions.com/images/Cpics/BrandPositioningFlow.gif We have to clearly define every part of the product to determine the cost of the product. We need to look at raw materials, labour, fixed costs, variable costs, costs to sell and possible return of investment. There are multiple ways to determine the selling price of your product. Pricing based on cost This is the primary basis for determining the cost price and selling price of a product. All the costs of producing the product are added together with a margin of profit, to come up with a price. The consumer or market will eventually determine the price of the product and not the producer. Possible competitor prices should also be taken into account. Pricing based on demand This is the opposite of the cost based pricing. Target costing is demand based. It means designing a product so that is satisfies costumers and meets the profit margins desired be the firm. Target costing makes the final price an input to the product development process, not an outcome of it. You estimate the selling price people would be willing to pay for a product and extract a profit margin. HANDBOEK 8. Famous brands that use this demand based pricing are: Sony and Isuzu. Pricing based on competition With this pricing method you look at what all other possible competitors are doing. The price of your own product can be higher, lower or identical to that of your competitors. This method depends on quality and customer loyalty. Price leadership is the procedure by which one or more dominant firms set the pricing practices that all competitors in an industry follow. HANDBOEK 8 BL 393 Pricing based on breaking-even Even before selling the product you determine how many you would need to sell to make a profit. This quantity that should be sold to break even would be seen as a sales goal. Break-even analysis is the process used to determine profitability at various levels of sales. The break-even point is the point where revenues from sales equal all costs. The formula is as follows, Break-even point (BEP) = Total fixed costs (FC) Price of one unit (P) -Variable cost (VC) of one unit The effect of this on the product is immense. It will determine the price of the product and the amount of materials needed to produce the product. The price of the product will determine the quantity that the consumer will buy which will determine the revenue and the profit made from the product. In this step of the production process the product can be a success or a failure Fixed costs are the costs that remain constant no matter how many products are produced or sold. Variable costs are the costs that change given the amount of products sold. Target group You need to determine the target group. With this product it is all golfers old and young amateur or professional. The next step is to do market testing. A prototype of the product is produced and given to the target group of the consumer and asked to test the product in a basic environment and give their opinion on the quality, size packaging and price. If the reception of the product is positive and the manufacturer is sure that nothing about the product can be improved the product is ready for the next step. Marketing and commercialization. The effect of the opinions of the target group on the product could lead to the restart of the entire procedure and the product could need to be refined or completely redesigned. The importance of team work and the amount of time needed on each of the different steps as set by this table. Bronne Copyright  © 2000-2010 Zebra Networks 10 April 2010 [Online] Available. http://www.coolavenues.com/know/mktg/cc.php3 Copyright  © 2000-2010 Power Decisions Group 10 April April 13, 2010 [Online] Avalable http://www.powerdecisions.com/consult-concept-development.cfm Book Author Boek naam Copy right ding Gedeelte Journal Rama Yelkur and Paul Herbig, (Bingham and Quigley, 1989) JOURNAL OF PRODUCT BRAND MANAGEMENT Global markets and the new product development process VOL. 5 NO. 6 1996 page 39 Angel MartÄ ±Ã‚ ´nez-Sa ´nchez, Manuela Pe ´rez-Pe ´rez and Pilar de-Luis-Carnicer European Journal of InnovationManagement Teleworking and new product development Vol. 9 No. 2, 2006 page 206, 208

People do not treat others as equals Essay

There is a problem with the way the world works right now. People do not treat others as equals. Regardless of race, age, creed, color, or sex, people have found a way to escape from treating humans with common decency. As we walk through our lives, we are disrespected at least once a day, and probably more than that. We are brought up in a world where winners are just that, they are winners, and because they win, we are supposed to revere and envy them. We are in constant competition, rarely is anything settled without a clear winner, and this is how we live. We are the true essence of a Dominator Model in this sense. But we do not draw the line there. We can extend it out to personal relationships to. The line can be extrapolated because we, an editorial â€Å"we† mind you, treat our personal relationships in much the same manner. Arguments rarely end in compromise, and when it does it is not what comes naturally. So this is the life we have set up and in order to shift the paradigm we must first discover what is wrong and move on. We must attack the issues that keep us closer to Cro-Magnon man than evolved individuals. And that is what my intention is for today’s radio program. One of the main concerns when talking about compromise is the fact that things end without one being over another; we are talking about ending things, in dominator language, in a tie. But we cannot look at this as being bad; we must look at this as being a win. This is what we are talking about, a complete paradigm shift which lends no glory to the dominator, or androcratic society. One of the keys to making this shift occur is to first recognize what is on the other side of the androcratic model, which is the partnership or Gylanic model. The Gylanic model is based on the idea of mutual well being, and for a society such as ours that has always pleasured male over female, straight over gay, etc this is a hard concept for us to grasp. Tearing these historical walls that have been built for us is the birth of a new paradigm. And there are many ways to get to this idea, I will focus on a few that will get us started, and hopefully it will snowball, over a period of time of course, but hopefully it will pick up steam and lead us into a society that places emphasis on every individual who resides in the realm of partnership. Effective listening: This is one of the main concerns when shifting from androcratic to Gylanic models. Over time our conversational skills have excelled while or listening skills have fallen by the way side. We have seen great leaders, and great icons of pop-culture speak without listening, and it is not just something that the trained specimen can see, it is painfully obvious. In order to start us on our way this is the first baby step that must be taken. Emphasis needs to, once again, be placed on communication. Interruptions are just that, they interrupt that which somebody is trying to say, so we must understand that cutting somebody off from speaking is a facet of the Dominator Model. Listen to those that you speak with, and let them know that you are listening. Showing that you are listening is not the most difficult of tasks, it is quite simple really. Here are some things that one can do to show that he/she is listening: eye contact, a simple nodding of the head when it is appropriate, not interrupting, are just a few things that could improve a conversation dramatically. It is amazing what you hear when you actually listen without having to speak at the same time. Too, this helps to create a comfortable environment, in which exchange is welcome. After a conversation and this is the true test, tell the person that you are speaking with what you just heard them say. It may be difficult at first, to be able to listen and not speak, and then to be able to reiterate what you had just heard, but it helps to strengthen a relationship. â€Å"True Listening, total concentration on the other, is always a manifestation of love. An essential part of true listening is the discipline of bracketing, the temporary giving up or setting of one’s own prejudges, frames of references and desires so as to experience as far as possible the speaker’s world from the inside, stepping inside his or her shoes. This unification of speaker and listener is actually an extension and enlargement of ourselves and new knowledge is always gained from this. Moreover since true listening involves bracketing, a setting aside of self, it also temporarily involves a total acceptance of the other.† – A Road Less Traveled Scott, Peck [emphasis mine] Now we will be moving listening, from just an aspect of everyday life, to the inclusion within interpersonal relationships. This is obviously a necessity in relationships, as is so stated by Peck, but true listening is not asking anything that is â€Å"easy†. It is work. In many relationships one party is always subverted under another party, and for this reason a successful relationship is hard to find. We must not think along the lines of mimesis either, because to find power through ones subversion of power, is once again striding to find a winner. We must drop the idea of â€Å"the last word† or the idea that there must be a â€Å"winner.† Arguments can be settled within the parameters of effective communication. As Peck says it is an act of love, listening is an act of true love, and with the absence of true listening, true love in turn takes on another meaning. We are talking about moving from north to south here; we must learn that compromise is winning, and that there is not a single winner and a single loser. Listening is part of communicating, and in order to be successful, as is with anything else, we must be able to communicate. In summation being able to listen effectively is the first step in the long line of steps of communication, which must be taken in effort to escape the life of the Androcratic model. I know that Rome was not built in a day, and that I am not going to change our society in one conversation about how to change, but I do want to focus on one aspect that will start us on the path of partnership, and that aspect I am focusing on is the aspect of communication. So I will not get into â€Å"bedroom† subject matter. The next aspect of communication that is important is called leveling. Virginia Satir says, â€Å"What the leveling response does is make it possible for you to live as a whole person †¦ real, in touch with your head, your heart, your feelings, and your body.† Leveling is a system in which we speak our minds but not at anybody’s expense. We speak without thinking that we might make a mistake, or we might be criticized, or impose on somebody. All leveling is is â€Å"responding to real people in real situations that permit you to agree because you really do† (Satir, Virginia). She uses The Matrix as one example. In the Matrix people are hungry for the directness that is offered by Morpheus, but not many are willing to except it. It is the reality that is stated through our own constructed reality. The â€Å"I† statement is the best way to begin the leveling process. I feel . . . . (an emotion or feeling, not a belief) Because . . . . (feelings come out of YOU and your various Experiences in your life; explain the basis of your feelings rather than blaming or â€Å"psychologizing† the other person or yourself) And What I’d To do or see Happen now is . .(how both of you can take into account one another’s needs, and work toward an acceptable solution for/with each other) It is the idea of taking responsibility rather than placing blame. It is very effective. The final idea that I will discuss today is the idea of being a mindful learning. We are students of life, we are constantly learning based on what occurs in our lives. We must actually learn what we go through though. We must take the time and be energized in our lives in order to learn from mistakes that we have made, and hold on to the things that we do well. I suggest that we mindfully improve the way we learn so that we can create our own understanding of the process that will help live our quality of life. Become interested in your own live and it will create interest in others. Focus on the other person and listen to his/her stories and life experiences and communicate in an effective manner that will allow for a steady relationship.

Admission essay to the University of Southern California, MBA program

As a young person who aspires to be a successful businessman, I have many dreams. Dreams that motivate me to strive hard in order to reach the goals I am aiming for. It’s free to dream and I don’t want that dream to be just a dream. I want it to become a reality where I can say that I am fulfilled.One of these dreams is to become a successful businessman, like those renowned business people that started from scratch yet able to make it big due to its experience, expertise and knowledge learned from the institutions they are from. Seeing businessmen successful despite of the countless responsibilities make me hopeful that one day I will be like them. In order to make this dream a reality, I make a significant step that would definitely change my entire life and that is to become an MBA.I have studied what Business Administration is and had been exposed to different scenarios where my business skills are needed however I still feel that my knowledge is not enough to make a successful business individual in the near future.So I feel the need to enroll in Master in Business Administration to further, develop, and improved my acquired knowledge in my college days. I know it would not be so easy as 1, 2, 3 and it involves a lot of patience and courage to pursue this career however I purpose in my heart to finish MBA to fulfill my dream and be successful.On the other hand, I choose University of Southern California-MBA program because this is the only university that would help me fulfill my dream. I am very choosy with regards to the development of my education. I want the best for myself and the University of Southern California-MBA program is the only university that I believe that has offered the one I am looking for.The University of Southern California is an institution of higher learning in California. It will help me become a potential businessman in the coming years. It has numerous centers and institutes within the university conduct special st udies and research. Not only that, it has extensive library resources which will help more learned and equipped to my desired profession.Furthermore, the university does not only concern of the students’ academic performance but also concern with their interaction to the outside world. The university usually involves the students in organizations and field trips to supplement the learning their learning. Field trips are organized to develop student-interest in teaching units and problems, to gather information regarding them, and as culminating activities.The university used this method to give the students first-hand experience that cannot be had in the classroom. Manu of the objects of investigations can be studied best on their natural setting.This method used by the university provides opportunities for students learning through the use of many techniques other than those of reading and speaking. The outstanding criterion to use in considering the advisability of a field trip is the possible contribution of such a trip to the objectiveness of the course.Admission essay to the University of Penn State (smeal) – MBA programI choose to enroll in MBA-program because it is the sole program where I can see myself. Doing business is a lot of fun and has various challenges that would test my skills as an individual. Through this kind of career, my administration skills will be improved because I will not be only administering the business itself but as well as people who are involved into it.  In fact I remember one incident way back my childhood days. I sometimes acted as a businessman by persuading my friend to trade in his toy with my small amount of money. Luckily, I persuaded him because of my empowering words. As time passes, I just realized that I want to be a businessman.Furthermore, I am incline to do business in the future or be employed in business firms because I am inspired and influenced by successful businessmen such as William (Bill ) Gates and Donald Trumps that make themselves to the top despite of the adversaries they meet along the way. So since I want to follow their footsteps, I would make sure to prepare and equip myself to face the world of business that is why I want to be admitted in the MBA program of this university.I intend to admit myself in this university because I firmly believe that this university has so much to offer to its students. It is a nonsecretarian, privately controlled institution of higher learning. It caters the specific needs of its students, provide immediate diagnoses and expose to different kinds of activities that would make the students competitive and do remarkable outcomes.Professors’ teaching skills are the other reason too why I want to be admitted in this university. Sound principles of teaching are formulated carefully observed facts or objectively which are common to a series of similar experiences; such as, they must be carefully distinguished from the assumpt ions of so-called armchair philosophy which are made up largely of purely theoretical principles based on experience, reality, investigation, or experimentation.In addition, its professors use the principles of teachings that are derived through pooling of the opinions of experts; through comparative studies of the teaching performance; through experimental studies of teaching and learning in the classroom. These principles are taught to the students to be learned and versatile to face adversaries related to business.On the other hand, students are given by this program the chance to do the experimental method of research related to business which is the most important in education, is used primarily to test and evaluate by hypothesis. Its function is the evaluation aims, procedures or methods, and techniques employed in teaching and learning. In the field of Master in Business Administration program in this university, it is generally accepted that principles are discovered.Princip les that grow out of accumulated knowledge of how certain practices affect learning represents a step in relating theory to actual practice. In addition, the use of experimental method by professors of this program has developed a vast body of scientifically documented information about all areas of human growth and development, especially in the field of teaching and learning business.It can be said that without adequate developmental progress, ways of teaching and learning business cannot be undertaken. Research in progress constantly gives new interpretations to complex problems that are involved in teaching and learning. These principles applied by the program impress me a lot that would make me desire to be one of the students of this program.Admission essay to the University of California Davis – MBA program   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   MBA or Master of Business Administration is everyone’s dream if he graduated in business administration. It is an achievemen t for an individual to finish this master’s degree.I have a number of reasons why I want to do an MBA. It is basically for my self-improvement however I have five reasons that are on my top list. First thing is, I firmly believe that MBA program would allow me to have further studies that would enhance my knowledge and skills related to the field of my specialization; thus, it will get me updated to any recent buzz related to this field.Secondly, MBA offers a lot of opportunities especially we are in this modern and competitive world where everyone must has its own edge to cope the competition; thus it is an edge for me if I have an MBA. Thirdly, MBA ensures excellence and eminence business education that equips individuals to be competitive and perform tasks efficiently.The fourth one is it gives me more opportunities to be exposed to different subjects such as economics, international business, marketing, finance and etc. that I don’t learn in my previous studies and I have the chance to concentrate on my chosen area of specialization. The last one would be, MBA does not only equip me academically but it would change my perspectives in life through the rigid training and studies that I will be going through.I am eyeing University of California, Davis for my MBA as my partner in my future business success because it is a credible and reputable university producing quality and competitive graduates.The program itself requires students to have direct experimentation, observation, case studies, questionnaires and interviews, or involve intensive reading, shifts facts, and interpretation of data to have first hand learning related in business. I have learned that the professors of the University of California Davis inculcated the importance of experimentation to their students especially in the MBA program.Moreover, I consider University of California Davis as a good match for my learning because it is a university that has so much to give to its st udents. I strongly believe that the professors and facilities here are well-equipped which are able to assist the needs of the students.One thing that attracts me most in this university is the way the professors teach their students. This is the university too which has close cooperation with the community which serves to the functioning of modern education. We all know that the community needs the school as a positive force for social and economic betterment.There are many problems in the community, such as those relating to health, economic, and social problems, that can be solved by educative process. This university is one agency in the community equipped to lead in the solution of problems. I believe that University of California Davis can be useful in promoting and improving community life and conditions and which will enable less fortunate people to live richer, fuller, and better everyday lives, as well as on the development of techniques of their studies.  I also believe that this university enhanced my skills, abilities, and attitudes to be more learned and extend it to the community by doing business The university does not only educate the students academically but it is concerned too with the interaction of human individuals and their environment.In addition, the university is concerned with producing growth or changes in human knowledge, skills, abilities, attitudes, feelings, morals, and habits of every type.Admission essay to the University of Toronto (rotman) – MBA programI can vividly remember how happy I am to do trade-ins with my friends and siblings when I am still a kid. Every time I like something which my friends or siblings have, I try to convey them to trade in to what I have. With small and simple talks, I able to make them compromise to what I have offered.Unknowingly, that simple gesture already foretold of what I would be like when I become an adult which is to do business. I intend to involve myself in seminars related in business administration and never tired of participating in some activities that would develop my business skills.I also volunteer to do some first hand trainings from a businessman who has a convenient store who happens to be my friend. With that experience, I am able to learn and be aware in how to handle customers and meet their satisfactions.The daily small dilemmas give me ideas in how to react and act such circumstance. This experience motivates me to pursue an MBA because I know that I can learn more things about business if I have proper education about it. Although I have background on it yet it is not enough and it is really fulfilling in my part if I am trained in this field of specialization.I consider University of Toronto (rotman) for my precious education because it is an institution that can be trusted and produced quality competitors in the business world. This university specifically the MBA program is a vehicle for my business success in the near future.Moreove r, its education is of high standard and students are taught to be well-equipped in every area. As a student, I know I can be able to cope up with the demands of the university because I have been exposed to business activities and trainings.

Intercultural Business Communication Assignment - 2649 Words

Hofstede article ‘Hofstede’s model of national cultural differences and their consequences: A triumph of faith – a failure of analysis’: In particular, McSweeney questions the plausibility of national cultures being systematically causal, i.e. that the identification of the differences causes or leads directly to the behaviour of the nation or people from that nation. McSweeney is also concerned that Hofstede s work has led others to believe that influential national cultures exist and that this work is based on evidence of a poor quality. McSweeney contends, therefore, that Hofstede s project is a misguided attempt to measure the unmeasurable. The complaint is that, as Albert Einstein once observed: Not everything that counts†¦show more content†¦In low-power distance societies, equality governs most interaction between superiors and subordinates. High power distance societies use power and authority as their golden rule. Social relationships, especially among those of differing ranks, are authoritarian and based on one s status within the heirarchy. Acceptance is based solely upon gender, age, and seniority rather than the merit of one s work. Communication between members of opposing viewpoints is often filled with friction and frustration. Increased knowledge, respect and understanding about the differentiations between power distance groups is the only way to cancel out these difficulties Uncertainty avoidance communication: Below are some of the common traits found in countries that score highly on the uncertainty avoidance scale: . Usually countries/cultures with a long history. . The population is not multicultural, i.e. homogenous. . Risks, even calculated, are avoided in business. . New ideas and concepts are more difficult to introduce. Some of the common traits found in countries that score low on the uncertainty avoidance scale include: . Usually a country with a young history, i.e. USA. . The population is much more diverse due to waves of immigration. . Risk is embraced as part of business. . Innovation and pushing boundaries is encouraged. 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Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..10 BIBLIOGRAPHY†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..11 INTRODUCTION Since the end of World War II, international operations have become a reality for an increasing number of